· Ventral section of thallus shows two distinct zones: 1.The upper Assimilatory zone 2.The lower storage zone
· The thallus can be differetiated into epidermis, Assimilatory zone and storage zone.
EPIDERMIS:
· The upper epidermis is single layer and made of thin walled squarish cells.
· They contain chloroplast it is interrupted by air pores which leads to air chamber.
· Each pore is a barrel shaped structure they project inwards giving a star shaped or cruciate appearence to the pore when viewed from the dorsal surface.
· The main function of the Air pore is to facillitate the gaseous exchange during photosynthesis and respiration.
ASSIMILATORY ZONE:
· The air chambers are in a single layer they are divided by one-celled thick two-four cells partitions or septa.
· Each air chamber opens out externally by a pore.
· From the floor of air chamber arise short simple or branched multicellular filaments.
· The cells contain discoid chloroplast. These filaments are called assimilatory pigments and this zone is "photosynthetic tissueofthallu".
STORAGE TISSUE:
· It is present on ventral side of the thallus and is present below the air chamber.
· It is a copact tissue made of thin walled parenchymatous cells.
· This cells donot contain chloroplast but contains starch grains.
· Some isolated cells contains mucilage and oil.
· The lower most layer cells of this tissue present at the lower epidermis.
· They gives rise to multicellular scales and unicellular rhizoids.
GEMMA:
· These are bilobed structures which are produced in special cup like structures produced on dorsal side of thallus along the midrib is called Gemma cup.
· Each gemma cup contain gemma of various development stages.
· Each gemma is biconvexed discoid multicellular stalked structures.
· The stalk is single celled except rhizoidal and oil cells. All the cells in gemma are green in colour.
· Each gemma contain 2 notches which represents the growing points.
· Gemma are intermingled with mucilage. These mucilage tiles absorb water and create pressure on gemma. so gemma get separated.
· when gemma falls on soil the portion of the gemma which touches the soil develop into ventral surface which bearing rhizoids and scales.
· The growing points in the two notches will grow into different directions and develop into two different thalli.
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